7d580a76-d2a4-46fe-a3a3-c6c8ed585382Liquid Packaging Board (LPB) productionProductionproduction mix, at plantmineral coated LPB (n=4), basis weight: 266 g/m2SystemsPackagingGood overall data quality. The cradle to gate data set refers to the flowchart and system boundaries provided. Data are provided by the
main European LPB producers. Hence, the inventory is based on primary industry data. Prechain data has been added from ecoinvent database and other more case-specific
sources. This data set is intended for the use by LCA practitioners.37European Liquid Packaging Board (LPB) production, more than 95% takes place in Sweden and Finland.This data set covers the full cradle to gate process chain and includes forestry operations, the manufacturing of
pulps and board, including both internal and external energy production and transportation of wood, chips and pulp. The forestry operations include seedling production,
silviculture, maintenance of forest roads and logging. The product is composed of 43.5% unbleached chemical pulps, 26% bleached chemical pulps, 12.7%
chemi-thermo-mechanical pulps, 8.3% fillers, 2.5% binders and 7.1% moisture. Furthermore, wooden resources have been included in the prechains: 27% birch, 63% pine and 10%
spruce. The energy used in LPB production is composed of 80% renewable heat and 64% renewable electricity. The data set also includes prechains for binders, fillers and
other chemicals. Pre-chains have been added using data sets available from the ecoinvent database (V2.2) for all chemicals and mineral additives. These data sets typically
reflect European average production conditions. For other Prechains like forestry or saw mill operations data sets from scandinavian sources has been used, as these
represent the actual conditions more specifically (e.g. specific wood types (spruce, birch, pine) instead of scandinavian softwood; country specific data). Data sources for
prechains are: forestry operations Finland: Metsäteho 2000: Fuel consumption and emissions to air in harvesting, forest management and restoring operations. Jouko Örn
forestry operations Sweden: S.Berg 2005 energy use and environmental impacts of forestry in Sweden roundwood transport Finland and Sweden: VTT, LIPASTO 2003, KCL EcoData
database wood chips transport Finland: VTT, LIPASTO 2003, KCL EcoData database wood chips transport Sweden: NTM data (Swedish Network For Transport) saw mill operations in
Finland and Sweden: KCL EcoData database, ref.year 1999 rail and sea transport Finland: VTT, LIPASTO 2003, KCL EcoData database rail and sea transport Sweden: NTM data
(Swedish Network For Transport) electricity production Finland and Sweden: 2007, country specific electricity grid data sets by IFEU, based on EUROSTAT transport of
chemicals to and within europe: data for lorry transport: [INFRAS 2010]: HBEFA. Handbuch Emissionsfaktoren des Strassenverkehrs. Version 3.1. INFRAS, UBA Berlin, UBA Wien,
BUWAL Bern, 2010. for rail transport: [Borken et al. 1999] Basisdaten für ökologische Bilanzierungen: Einsatz mobiler Maschinen in Transport, Landwirtschaft und Bergbau.
Braunschweig/ Wiesbaden for sea transport: [EcoTransIT 2010]: http://www.ecotransit.org (October 2010) All specific data has been cross-checked with corresponding data from
ecoinvent database to validate. ecoinvent data sets for chemicals and additives are: limestone, milled, packed, at plant, CH, [kg] (#529) sulphuric acid, liquid, at plant,
RER, [kg] (#350) sodium chlorate, powder, at plant, RER, [kg] (#327) sodium hydroxide, 50% in H2O, production mix, at plant, RER, [kg] (#336) oxygen, liquid, at plant, RER,
[kg] (#301) quicklime, milled, packed, at plant, CH, [kg] (#476) potato starch, at plant, DE, [kg] (#215) latex, at plant, RER, [kg] (#414) kaolin, at plant, RER, [kg]
(#293) hydrogen peroxide, 50% in H2O, at plant, RER, [kg] (#284) aluminium sulphate, powder, at plant, RER, [kg] (#245)Liquid Packaging Board is not a final product as such but intended to be used for production of beverage cartons. It is not
applicable for other carton products than beverage cartons. The LPB data set should explicitly be used for LCI/ LCA studies where LPB is used as a feedstock for the
production of beverage cartons.ACE_LPB_Production_a154ac55-dd1f-4eef-ba05-8f863655e2f0.jpgLCI resultAttributionalnoneSaw Mill Operations: Allocation between sawn timber and chips is based on economic value. Pulp and Board Production:
Allocation between softwood and hardwood pulp is based on fuel values and in yields of soft- and hardwood black liquors.All calculations made, are referring to the net calorific value. Capital goods are not included.noneAn approximate cut-off criteria for energy and elementary flows of 99% is used. All mass and energy flows relevant within
the named cut-off criteria are included in the inventory. Note: Capital goods are not included although it is unclear if they fall under the cut-off
criteria.NoneCoverage of the main European liquid packaging producers. Data collected from four production plants that produce more
than 95% of European LPB. Data from these sites is measured operating data. Secondary data are from European databases (e.g. ecoinvent, KCL, IFEU) and are usually the most
recent available. In some cases specific data (e.g. regarding product, geography) was preferred over more generic data from ecoinvent even though these data might refer to
more recent years.Altough capital goods and use of infrastructure is not inluded in the mill data and data sets regarding
forestry operation, electricity production or transports, they are condsidered in ecoinvent data sets.Site specific data is compiled by arithmatic averaging across 4 site specific data sets, i.e., without weighting
according to production volumes (for reasons of confidentiality as the 4 sites belong to only two companies, production volumes are similar to each other).NoneSwedish and Finish LPB producers95.0Data has been collected at all sites following a top-down approach (i.e. input/output data at the site level). All collected data have been
cross-checked with data from the same European sites collected in 2005.2009 -2010The data set presented is designed as a cradle-to-gate data set for LPB. Upstream processes like binders, fillers and other chemicals are
included. LPB is used as a feedstock for the production of beverage cartons. Converting to beverage cartons, use phase and end of life operations are excluded. The data set
cannot be used for impact assessment of (eco) toxicity, water, noise and land use. It is recommended to contact ACE regarding the question if this LCI dataset on liquid
packaging board is applicable in a specific study context.No statementThe dataset has been reviewed on compliance with ELCD entry level requirements. The presented documentation of the dataset is considered
correct, clearly describing how the dataset has been built up and what it represents in terms of production, technology, geography and time. This is considered
appropriate for the intended application: Cradle-to-gate LCI dataset for production of LPB is for use in LCI/LCA studies. The gate-to-gate input and output flows,
boundaries and cut-off criteria have been cross-checked by the reviewer with other paper sector datasets and have been found to have a high level of completeness
including all relevant flows of inputs of raw materials and energy. The detail of reported waste is limited to one flow and did not include the treatment. The
cradle-to-gate dataset was calculated with primary data (for external pulp production) and secondary data from several sources which are considered to be appropriate for
achieving a dataset that is reflecting European average production, while taking into account the specific geographical situation of the production sites (Sweden and
Finland). The quality in terms of precision of the data that are measured by the mills on a regular basis is higher than for flows that have been measured infrequently
(e.g. heavy metals from fuel combustion). There are data gaps for the elementary flows that are not measured by the mills. Their overall environmental relevance was not
assessed. The secondary data from various sources may include similar data gaps. This may have caused some inconsistencies by combining them in the dataset. It is not
possible to assess how these affect the completeness for certain impact categories. The reviewer therefore agrees that this sets limits to the use of the dataset for
(eco)toxicity impacts. Angeline de BeaufortA technical review concerning the nomenclature and hierarchy compliance as well as the documentation has been carried out. The reviewed
dataset is compliant to the ILCD entry level requirements concerning these points.thinkstepThe user should be aware of the fact that the dataset is not fully modeled, that is to say that some operating materials and wastes
are not included in the system boundary. These flows may be identified by the user in the life cycle inventory, they are marked as valuable substances or
wastes.ILCD Data Network - Entry-levelFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantFully compliantACECradle-to-gate LCI dataset for production of LPB is for use in LCI/LCA studies only.IFEU2018-02-01T00:00:00.000ILCD format 1.1IFEUACE2018-02-01T00:00:00.00000.00.001Data set finalised; entirely publishedACEtrueFree of charge for all users and usesnaLiquid packaging board (LPB)Output1000.01000.00Mixed primary / secondaryUnknown derivation